How pigments work

The Colour Index

A reference system for naming colourants, helping distinguish pigment identity from a marketing colour name.

Illustration of the colour index

Traditional pigment names can be wonderfully evocative but frustratingly imprecise. Standardised colourant identification helps researchers, conservators and manufacturers discuss materials more consistently, even when commercial names differ.

Names such as , and indicate pigment classes: the letters identify a pigment and its colour group, followed by an identifying number. They help separate yellow ochre, natural red and synthetic ultramarine from a finished paint’s shade name.

A Colour Index code does not disclose a complete formulation, exact particle size, geographical source or pigment concentration. It is also different from the Cameron Colours ID or colour code used to identify a shade.

These articles explain pigment and mineral families, not the sourcing or complete formulation of any Cameron Colours paint. Historical names can cover different materials. Follow the product guidance and safety data for the paint you use; do not handle or heat raw pigment powders at home.

All DIY Science guides