Earth pigments

Red ochre

An iron-rich earth pigment, commonly coloured by hematite, that brings the familiar red of terracotta and rust.

Illustration of red ochre

Red ochre has a much longer story than heritage interiors alone. It appears in prehistoric colouring traditions and later in wall painting, artists’ materials and decoration. Naturally red earths and earths made red by heating are related, but they do not all share one recipe or origin.

Red gives these earths their colour. Clay and other minerals can soften the result into rusty, brick-red or muted terracotta notes. Particle characteristics and mineral proportions influence the appearance, so two red ochres need not look identical.

PR102 is associated with natural red , while synthetic red iron oxide is commonly identified as PR101. These are material classifications, not exact colour matches or a finished-paint performance rating.

These articles explain pigment and mineral families, not the sourcing or complete formulation of any Cameron Colours paint. Historical names can cover different materials. Follow the product guidance and safety data for the paint you use; do not handle or heat raw pigment powders at home.

All DIY Science guides